Dual-energy CT for occult pelvic fractures: An audit and rocanalysis.

Abstract

There is an increasing incidence of hip and pelvic fractures with an ageing population. Accurate and timely diagnosis is important in the emergency setting. While magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard, it is a limited resource. Dual energy CT (DECT) is comparable to MRI in detection of bone marrow oedema. Our hospital was the first centre in our country to introduce DECT for occult pelvic fractures. We aimed to describe its utility in occult pelvic fractures since commencement. Retrospective study of consecutive pelvic bone CT (conventional or DECT) performed to look for an occult fracture over a 10-month period. Sensitivity and specificity calculated based on clinical and imaging follow-up. ROC study performed where three observers visually interpreted pelvic radiographs, conventional CT and DECT and scored their confidence for an acute fracture from 1 to 5. The null hypothesis was that DECT would not improve observer performance compared with conventional CT. DECT studies were performed on 178 patients of whom 84 (47%) had acute fractures. Sensitivity on audit was 99% and specificity was 100%. ROC analysis showed that, for all observers, the area under curve increased from radiograph to conventional CT to DECT. The difference between conventional CT and DECT was statistically significant for all observers where metal implants were not present. DECT improves accuracy compared to conventional CT in the diagnosis of occult pelvic fractures and should be used for this indication when available.