Abstract
Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) is an imaging technique based on data acquisition at two different energy settings. Recent advances in CT have allowed data acquisitions and simultaneous analyses of X-rays at two energy levels, and have resulted in novel developments in the field of abdominal imaging. The use of low and high X-ray tube voltages in DECT provide fused images that improve the detection of liver tumors owing to the higher contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the tumor compared with the liver. The use of contrast agents in CT scanning improves image quality by enhancing the CNR and signal-to-noise ratio while reducing beam-hardening artifacts. DECT can improve detection and characterization of hepatic abnormalities, including mass lesions. The technique can also be used for the diagnosis of steatosis and iron overload. This article reviews and illustrates the different applications of DECT in liver imaging.
Highlights
Computed tomography (CT) is one of the most important diagnostic imaging modalities for the liver
Virtual Monochromatic Imaging In Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT), an image can be produced in a pseudo manner by monochromatic X-ray from 40 keV to 140 keV
DECT canthiemlpesroiovne tdoelliivneeratpioanreonfchbyomthahcyopnetrr-aastn.dInhylopwov-kaescVulaarrtelreisailopnhs absye aimccaegnetus, iodine within ating the lesiotnhetohylipveerrvpasacruenlacrhlyemsioancsosnhtroawsts. hInighloewr -aktteeVnuaarttieorniaal spchoamsepiamreadgetos,tihoedbinaeckground liver increasing the conspicuity of the lesion (Figure 4), whereas hypovascular lesions scanned in the portovenous phase at low keV show lower attenuation as compared to the parenchyma due to a greater distribution of iodinated contrast within the normal hepatic tissue
Summary
Computed tomography (CT) is one of the most important diagnostic imaging modalities for the liver Technical advances such as faster scan times, thinner slices, multiplanar reformatting, and three-dimensional (3D) rendering have revolutionized the utility of CT. DECT is an exciting recent development that promises to increase the modality’s potential [1,2] This improvement derives from the exploitation of the energy-dependent attenuation of X-rays at two different energies, justifying the term dual energy. DECT extends this core concept based on the use of X-rays generated at two different energies. This resolves X-ray attenuation ambiguities and allows for superior material discrimination and characterization. The recent development of dual-energy scanning increased the diagnostic value and clinical applications of CT and made DECT feasible for routine clinical use. We conclude that the basic knowledge and clinical merits of DECT need to be translated into routine clinical practice for improved patient care
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