Abstract
The purpose of our study was to divulge the antiproliferative effect of an ethanolic extract of Algerian propolis (EEP) in the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549) and reveal the chemopreventive role against benzo(a)pyrene-induced lung carcinogenesis in albino Wistar rats. Cytotoxicity of EEP was evaluated using the MTT assay and cell adhesion in A549 cells. Moreover, rats were given 25 mg/kg of propolis for 5 days before induction of experimental lung cancer by a single intraperitoneal dose of 200 mg/kg benzo(a)pyrene. Body weight, lung weight, lipid peroxidation, marker enzymes, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were estimated. The EEP demonstrated an inhibitory effect on proliferation of A549 at 24 and 72 hours in a dose-dependent manner and blocked adhesion of the cells by fibrinogen. Moreover, EEP reduced the oxidative stress generated by benzo(a)pyrene. The pre-treatment showed that enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants increased and lipid peroxidation decreased. A histological analysis further supported these findings and showed a decrease in the number of side effects. These results are particularly important for both clinical applications of propolis and the possibility for its use as a potential chemotherapeutic agent.
Highlights
Lung cancer is a type of malignant tumor of lung tissue (Yang et al, 2016) and is considered to be one of the most significant diseases in respiratory medicine (Silva et al, 2007)
Several studies have reported the efficacies of different natural products for treating lung cancer, such as use of propolis, as their therapeutic potential to treat several diseases is well shown (Banskota, Tezuka, Kadota, 2001).The chemical composition of propolis or bee glue is very complex and varies according to geographical origin, the bee species, (Kurek-Górecka et al, 2014), and the trees and plants in the ecosystem that influence the biological activities of the bees (Piccinelli et al, 2013)
The MTT assay revealed that A549 cell growth was inhibited after 24 and 72 h of treatment with the extract of Algerian propolis (EEP) in a dose-dependent manner
Summary
Lung cancer is a type of malignant tumor of lung tissue (Yang et al, 2016) and is considered to be one of the most significant diseases in respiratory medicine (Silva et al, 2007). Several epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can increase the risk of multiple cancers, such as those of the lung. One of these PAHs is benzo(a)pyrene (B(a) P), which has been widely studied because of its ability to induce carcinogenicity and mutagenicity in humans and animals (Anandakumar et al, 2009; Kasala et al, 2015). Several studies have reported the efficacies of different natural products for treating lung cancer, such as use of propolis, as their therapeutic potential to treat several diseases is well shown (Banskota, Tezuka, Kadota, 2001).The chemical composition of propolis or bee glue is very complex and varies according to geographical origin, the bee species, (Kurek-Górecka et al, 2014), and the trees and plants in the ecosystem that influence the biological activities of the bees (Piccinelli et al, 2013).
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