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Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides have been proposed as a potential biopreservatives in pharmaceutical research and agribusiness. However, many limitations hinder their utilization, such as their vulnerability to proteolytic digestion and their potential interaction with other food ingredients in complex food systems. One approach to overcome such problems is developing formulations entrapping and thereby protecting the antimicrobial peptides. Liposome encapsulation is a strategy that could be implemented to combine protection of the antimicrobial activity of the peptides from proteolytic enzymes and the controlled release of the encapsulated active ingredients. The objective of this study was to develop dual-coated food grade liposome formulations for oral administration of bacteriocins. The formulations were developed from anionic and cationic phospholipids as models of negatively and positively charged liposomes, respectively. Liposomes were prepared by the hydration of lipid films. Subsequently, the liposomes were coated with two layers comprising a biopolymer network (pectin) and whey proteins (WPI) in order to further improve their stability and enable the gradual release of the developed liposomes. Liposomes were characterized for their size, charge, molecular structure, morphology, encapsulation efficiency, and release. The results of FTIR, zeta potential, size distribution, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed that the liposomes were efficiently coated. Ionic interactions were involved in the stabilization of the positively charged liposome formulations. Negatively charge liposome formulations were stabilized through weak interactions. The release study proved the efficiency of dual coating on the protection of liposomes against gastrointestinal digestion. This work is the first to study the encapsulation of antimicrobial peptides in dual-coated liposomes. Furthermore, the work successfully encapsulated MccJ25 in both negative and positive liposome models.
Highlights
The accelerating spread of antibiotic resistance by pathogenic bacteria has become a major public health problem
Thereafter, the supernatant was initially purified on a Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) using Sep-Pak C18 column at 4◦C using different fractions of acetonitrile and a flow rate of 10 mL/min to separate the molecules according to their hydrophobicity
43 mg of purified microcin J25 (MccJ25) was obtained from 2.25 L of supernatant of E. coli MC4100 PTUC 202 (Table 1)
Summary
The accelerating spread of antibiotic resistance by pathogenic bacteria has become a major public health problem. Encapsulation of Antimicrobial Peptides in Dual-Coated Liposomes bacteria, has potent bactericidal activity against a range of pathogenic enteric bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella with a specific mechanism of action (Hammami et al, 2015). Many limitations hinder the utilization of antibacterial peptides including their vulnerability to proteolytic digestion and their potential interaction with other food ingredients in complex food systems. Various forms of encapsulation such as liposomes, films or beads, may be used to achieve controlled release of antimicrobial peptides (Millette et al, 2007; da Silva Malheiros et al, 2010), where encapsulation enables maintenance of antimicrobial activity and stability of active ingredients in complex systems. Encapsulation in liposomes is a strategy that could be implemented to provide stability to antimicrobial peptides, protect their antimicrobial activity, and to control the release of the encapsulated active ingredients (da Silva Malheiros et al, 2010)
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