Abstract
Dual-class stock structure helps insiders gain control through different voting rights, but also exacerbates the principal-agent conflict. The separation of control rights and cash flow rights enhances managerial opportunistic behavior. We find that dual-class stock structure aggravates the over-investment behavior of listed firms. The impact of free cash flow on over-investment is more severe in dual class firms than in single-class firms. Paying cash dividends reduces the effects of dual-class stock structure, and separation of control and cash flow rights on overinvestment. Regulators need to strengthen the supervision to restrict managerial opportunistic behavior in firms with dual-class share structure.
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