Dual branch solutions (multi-solutions) for nonlinear radiative Falkner–Skan flow of Maxwell nanomaterials with heat and mass transfer over a static/moving wedge

Abstract

In this study, the numerous solutions to Falkner–Skan flow of a Maxwell fluid with nanoparticles are investigated, considering the nonlinear radiation and magnetic domain. The flow described above can be expressed in accordance with PDEs that are transformed into ODEs by choosing suitable variables of similarity. The fourth- and fifth-order Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method can be utilized to solve these reduced ODEs by applying the shooting approach. The graphs were drawn to explain the effects of different parameters on different fluid profiles for both the lower- and upper-branch solutions. This study shows that the velocity outlines improve both solutions by increasing local Deborah numbers slightly. Besides, an increase in radiation reduces the thermal gradient for both solutions, thereby reducing the concentration gradient for both solutions contributing to raised Brownian motion and Lewis numbers.