Abstract
The problem of emerging resistance urges clinicians to prescribe narrow-spectrum antibiotic targeted to the specific causative pathogen. In hospital, a high level of antibiotic use and a propensity for genetic exchange between bacteria provide a perfect environment for multiresistant micro-organisms. Detection of antimicrobial resistance is important to optimise decisions about antimicrobial therapy. In order to prevent or to slow the spread of resistance among bacterial strains, clinicians must know as soon as possible which bacteria they are dealing with and to which antibiotic the strain is susceptible. This essential information can take several days up to weeks using traditional culture-based methods. In most cases such phenotypic susceptibility tests continue to be useful and get improve. Now automated systems are available to determine the infectious strain and its susceptibility to antibiotics within hours. In the near future, genetic methods as DNA-based solutions will be able to identify an infectious agent and its resistance pattern in less than an hour. Applied DNA technology progresses and will lead to the development and application of sophisticated new strategies for the analysis of antibiotic resistant bacterial strains. In the present knowledge, both methods for the determination of antimicrobial resistance, the phenotypic and the genotypic tests, are complementary.
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