Détection du micro-endommagement dans le tissu osseux trabéculaire par une méthode d’acousto-élasticité dynamique

Abstract

Osteoporosis affects the whole skeleton strength leading to an actual fracture risk. Associated to a high level of morbidity, it is a critical public health issue. During the last decades, several X-rays and ultrasound devices have been developed to help the clinicians in their diagnosis. They are essentially related to bone mass while several factors are responsible for this pathology. Among them, microdamage has an interesting place. Nonlinear acoustic methods have already shown their ability to detect microcracks in different geophysical and industrial materials. We present a dynamic acousto-elastic testing (interaction of a very low frequency tone burst and high frequency pulses) to measure viscoelastic and dissipative nonlinearities. Applied to trabecular bone samples (human defatted calcanei), this method has shown a high level of nonlinearity in very dense regions of the calcanei. However, native microdamage is often at the limit of the method sensibility. To better evaluate this parameter, we have performed acousto-elastic measurements before and after inducing microdamage thanks to a compression fatigue test. We observed higher nonlinearity after induced damage. Moreover, the level of acoustic nonlinearity has been correlated to actual damage accumulation thanks to confocal microscopy analysis. However, acousto-elasticity measurements repeatability is weak. Correct reproducibility is observed for low level of nonlinearity (low level of microcracks). For high level of nonlinearity, quite different nonlinear behaviors are usually observed from one measurement to the next one.