DSM in Hybrid AC/DC Rooftop PV Integrated Smart Nano Grid

Abstract

This paper presents demand side load management using a smart controller. Normal time and load slabs based revolving load shedding techniques affect equally all small and large consumers. Small homes have simple light and fan loads in summer compared to fully air conditioned posh bungalows. Utility blanket load shedding techniques affect equally low and high load customers equally. In summer, April to September, domestic air conditioner loads are 46 to 47% of domestic loads. Utilities certainly want to reduce load on 11kV feeders during peak hours without effecting small consumers by blanket load shedding. There is no technology in market that can selectively disconnect large loads and permit small loads. Introduction of smart devices into consumer premises can facilitate them shutdown themselves by detecting system health conditions. Voltage and frequency of power system informs the system health condition as temperature and pulse rate tell the health condition of a patient. Priority based load management is a good alternative to incorporate renewable energy but not best for live load management. Utility wants to control consumer loads through local smart circuit breakers or AMI under bottom up approach. Intelligent circuit breakers controlling luxurious, auxiliary and essential loads can be prioritized to implement the smart grid option yet in an unsustainable forced manner. A smart load controller may automatically detect system overloading and use standard HEC-12/ZigBee wireless technologies to switch off luxury loads in multiple story buildings. If the same idea is implemented by all consumers, then demand side load management can become a living reality. Demand side live line load management can also be accomplished by advance metering infrastructures (AMI) if manufactured using smart load management functions inside it that are not available in common AMI meters in market. Presence of live line load controller in all homes adapt the load according to available utility supply capacities that might need utility level arrangement