Abstract
BackgroundPlant height and leaf angle are important determinants of yield in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Genes involved in regulating plant height and leaf angle were identified in previous studies; however, there are many remaining unknown factors that affect rice architecture.ResultsIn this study, we characterized a dwarf mutant named ds1 with small grain size and decreased leaf angle,selected from an irradiated population of ssp. japonica variety Nanjing35. The ds1 mutant also showed abnormal floral organs. ds1 plants were insensitive to BL treatment and expression of genes related to BR signaling was changed. An F2 population from a cross between ds1 and indica cultivar 93–11 was used to fine map DS1 and to map-based clone the DS1 allele, which encoded an EMF1-like protein that acted as a transcriptional regulator. DS1 was constitutively expressed in various tissues, and especially highly expressed in young leaves, panicles and seeds. We showed that the DS1 protein interacted with auxin response factor 11 (OsARF11), a major transcriptional regulator of plant height and leaf angle, to co-regulate D61/OsBRI1 expression. These findings provide novel insights into understanding the molecular mechanisms by which DS1 integrates auxin and brassinosteroid signaling in rice.ConclusionThe DS1 gene encoded an EMF1-like protein in rice. The ds1 mutation altered the expression of genes related to BR signaling, and ds1 was insensitive to BL treatment. DS1 interacts with OsARF11 to co-regulate OsBRI1 expression.
Highlights
Plant height and leaf angle are important determinants of yield in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Expression pattern and subcellular localization of Auxin response factor 11 (OsARF11) To verify whether the expression pattern of OsARF11 is similar to that of DS1, we found that OsARF11 was highly expressed in the shoot apical meristem and young panicles according to the Rice eFP Browser
OsEMF1 inhibits the expression of target genes by mediating H3K27me3, which is not consistent the down-regulation of OsBRI1 expression in the ds1 mutant
Summary
Plant height and leaf angle are important determinants of yield in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant height and leaf angle are important agronomic traits directly affecting grain yield and crop architecture, which are major objectives of crop improvement (Ikeda et al 2013). An important trait in crop improvement, is related to lodging resistance, grain yield, and biomass production. Many rice GA- and BR-related mutants show dwarf or semi-dwarf phenotypes, such as sd, d1 and d61 (Sasaki et al 2002; Fujisawa et al 1999; Zhang et al 2016; Yamamuro et al 2000) These dwarf mutants result from reduced cell numbers or cell length in stems, and analyzing more dwarf mutants may provide novel insights into the mechanisms controlling stem elongation
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