Abstract
BackgroundMalaria remains a serious global public health problem, and continues to have a devastating impact on people’s health worldwide. Continuous monitoring and evaluation of current malaria transmission status in different seasons is a mainstay for the success of ongoing intervention strategies for malaria. The purpose of this study was to assess the dry-season transmission and determinants of malaria in Jawi district, northwest Ethiopia.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 13 to February 11, 2020; among selected Kebeles in the Jawi district. A multistage sampling technique was used in this study. Random and systematic sampling techniques were carried out to select Kebeles and each household, respectively. Light microscopy and CareStart™ Malaria HRP2/pLDH (Pf/Pv) Combo RDT were implemented to determine the prevalence of malaria. Moreover, associated risk factors in the prevalence of malaria were assessed by using a bivariate and multivariate logistic regression model.ResultsA total of 219 study participants were enrolled in this study. Of the total enrolled individuals, malaria cases were found among 36 individuals with a positivity rate of 16.4% (95% CI 11.4–21.5). Plasmodium falciparum was the predominant species with an estimated prevalence of 87.0% in the study areas. Interrupted utilization of ITN (AOR = 4.411, 95% CI 1.401–13.880), using over 3 years older ITNs (AOR = 9.622, 95% CI 1.881–49.214), travel history (AOR = 12.703, 95% CI 2.441–66.114), living in a house with holes on the wall (AOR = 3.811, 95% CI 1.010–14.384), and living in a house with an eave (AOR = 4.23, 95% CI 1.065–16.801) significantly increased the probability of malaria positivity rate.ConclusionMalaria is still an important public health burden among individuals in the Jawi district. Interrupted utilization of ITNs, using over 3 years older ITNs, living in a house with holes on the wall, living in a house with an eave, and travel history were identified as the risk factors of malaria. Therefore, the District health office and Health extension workers should promote daily utilization of good ITNs and improve housing conditions to reduce malaria prevalence.
Highlights
Malaria remains a serious global public health problem, and continues to have a devastating impact on people’s health worldwide
Regarding Plasmodium species distribution, P. falciparum was the predominant species among confirmed cases, 28 (87.5%) by CareStartTM Pf/Pv rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) and 20 (87.0%) by light microscopy
P. vivax accounted 12.5% (4 individual) by CareStartTM Pf/Pv RDT and 2 (8.7%) by microscopy, and only 1 (4.3%) participant was confirmed with P. falciparum and P. vivax mixed infection by microscopy
Summary
Malaria remains a serious global public health problem, and continues to have a devastating impact on people’s health worldwide [1, 2]. In 2019, there were an estimated 229 million malaria cases and 409,000 malariaassociated deaths occurred worldwide, and it indicates still there is an increment of malaria incidence from 2015 to 2019. The World Health Organization (WHO) Africa region is home to the bulk of the global burden of malaria with an estimated 93% malaria cases and 94% malariaassociated deaths. Plasmodium falciparum is the predominant species with an estimated burden of 99.7% of malaria cases in the regions [3, 4]
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