Abstract
Dry reforming of methane (DRM) was studied in the light of Ni supported on 8%PO4 + ZrO2 catalysts. Cerium was used to modify the Ni active metal. Different percentage loadings of Ce (1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, and 5%) were tested. The wet incipient impregnation method was used for the preparation of all catalysts. The catalysts were activated at 700 °C for ½ h. The reactions were performed at 800 °C using a gas hourly space velocity of 28,000 mL (h·gcat)−1. X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 physisorption, hydrogen temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), temperature programmed oxidation (TPO), temperature programmed desorption (TPD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used for characterizing the catalysts. The TGA analysis depicted minor amounts of carbon deposition. The CO2-TPD results showed that Ce enhanced the basicity of the catalysts. The 3% Ce loading possessed the highest surface area, the largest pore volume, and the greatest pore diameter. All the promoted catalysts enhanced the conversions of CH4 and CO2. Among the promoted catalysts tested, the 10Ni + 3%Ce/8%PO4 + ZrO2 catalyst system operated at 1 bar and at 800 °C gave the highest conversions of CH4 (95%) and CO2 (96%). The stability profile of Cerium-modified catalysts (10%Ni/8%PO4 + ZrO2) depicted steady CH4 and CO2 conversions during the 7.5 h time on stream.
Highlights
Dry reforming of methane (DRM) uses a favorable reaction that transforms two greenhouse gases, methane and carbon dioxide, into a synthesis gas, which is a beneficial product [1,2,3,4,5]
The methane gas constitutes more than 80% of natural gas, and its conversion plays a vital role in the future energy supply, since it produces energy carriers such as carbonyl and dimethyl ether
The produced synthesis gas is composed of H2 and CO, which are versatile intermediates for many useful chemical products such as liquid fuels obtained via Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, light olefins, and hydrocarbons [9,11,12]
Summary
Dry reforming of methane (DRM) uses a favorable reaction that transforms two greenhouse gases, methane and carbon dioxide, into a synthesis gas, which is a beneficial product [1,2,3,4,5]. The produced synthesis gas is composed of H2 and CO, which are versatile intermediates for many useful chemical products such as liquid fuels obtained via Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, light olefins, and hydrocarbons [9,11,12]. The absence of a catalyst that is stable under the reaction conditions hinders the commercialization of the dry reforming of methane process. For this reason, the utilization of an effective catalyst is essential. Arandiyan et al [17] investigated the effect of noble metals on Catalysts 2020, 10, 242; doi:10.3390/catal10020242 www.mdpi.com/journal/catalysts
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