Abstract
Objective: To establish the drying conditions of an extract of fruits of Physalis peruviana using spray drying (SD) technique by applying a statistical experimental design (SED), to obtain powders for direct compression, retaining the antidiabetic activity.
 Methods: A 2[6-2] fractional factorial SED was used to get a suitable SD operating conditions to produce powder extract of P. peruviana with high process yield, acceptable moisture content, good flowability, low hygroscopicity and satisfactory morphological and particle size. Operating variables studied were air inlet temperature, atomization air flow rate, feed-rate pump, aspiration rate, extract concentration and coadjuvant proportion. P. peruviana powder obtained under the operating conditions selected was evaluated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and by in vitro α-amylase inhibition assay, to prove that the antidiabetic activity was remained after the SD.
 Results: Injection temperature (120 °C), atomization air flow rate (600 l/h), pump setting (5 %), aspirator setting (100 %), extract concentration (7.5 % p/p) and extract: coadjuvant ratio (1:0.75), were the operational conditions selected. Dry extract showed an amorphous state by XRPD and a probable protective effect of coadjutant on the extract, characterized by DSC and the antidiabetic in vitro assay. Antidiabetic activity of the extract remained after its transformation to a solid state by SD in the chosen conditions.
 Conclusion: The results suggest that coprocessed extract could be used for the production of compressed solids or employed as an intermediate herbal product for the treatment of diabetes.
Highlights
Of Solanaceae family, is popularly known in Colombia as cape gooseberry, uchuba, uchubo, among others common names and its fruits are used as food and various parts of the plant are employed for medicinal purposes [1,2,3]
The highest achieved yield was obtained in the experiment 8 (68.81±1.03 %), while the lowest one with the experiment 16 (34.03±10.67 %)
The statistical experimental design (SED) allowed to establish the conditions of spray drying (SD), to obtain powder extract, from the ethanolic extract of the fruits of P. peruviana
Summary
Of Solanaceae family, is popularly known in Colombia as cape gooseberry, uchuba, uchubo, among others common names and its fruits are used as food and various parts of the plant are employed for medicinal purposes [1,2,3]. P. peruviana ethanolic extract showed the following technology difficulties: high hygroscopicity, reduced flow properties, high cohesivity and low compressibility. Dry powder formulation from standardized extract of the fruit was reported to have hypoglycemic activity and their characteristics were established to have a material that can be used as a solid dosage form [3]. The dried process (in oven) influences the chemical stability and its hypoglycemic activity, according to studies made in our laboratories. SD technique represents a better option for this extract [3]
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