Abstract
To analyse the concept of Dry Eye Syndrome in patients admitted to Intensive Care Units (ICU). This is a concept analysis, according to Walker's and Avant's method, conducted using an integrative review, through search in the database. Science Direct, Scopus, Cinahl, Pubmed, Lilacs, Cochrane and Web of Science. The following keywords were used: "Keratoconjuntivite Sicca", "Risk Factors", "Dry eye Syndromes" and "Intensive Care Units". After selection, 85 articles have been kept. Antecedents found: age, lagophthalmos, environmental factors, use of medications, systemic diseases, mechanical ventilation and eye surgeries. Attributes: Tear Break-up Time < 10 s, Schirmer's test I < 10 mm, Schirmer's test II < 5 mm and signs and symptoms. Consequents: eye damage and discomfort; unstable vision. The Model Case and the Contrary Case were used to illustrate it. The research provided clarification of the concept and consequent understanding of the Dry Eye Syndrome, which is preventable especially in ICU.
Highlights
The Dry Eye Syndrome (DES), known as Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), is a multifactorial disease caused by the inadequate tear production and/or fast evaporation of tear
Integrative Review of Literature We performed the review from April to June 2015 and followed the steps recommended in the literature by Whittemore and Knalf(9), which allowed us to order the knowledge produced on the Dry Eye concept
We drew up these research questions: What is the concept of Dry Eye? What are the attributes of Dry Eye in Intensive Care Units (ICU)? Which aspects precede and proceed the Dry Eye Syndrome? We selected studies using the relevance test(10), respecting the following inclusion criteria: articles fully available in the selected databases, in Portuguese, English or Spanish; studies that respond to the proposed guiding questions
Summary
The Dry Eye Syndrome (DES), known as Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), is a multifactorial disease caused by the inadequate tear production and/or fast evaporation of tear. There are two causes for developing the Dry Eye Syndrome. One is due to a deficiency in the production of the tear film and the other is due to increased evaporation. Regarding Intensive Care Units (ICU), the tear film is compromised due to a disorder in the responsible mechanisms for lubricating and protecting the eyes(2). The DES was the most frequent eye affection. It presented 72.2% cases in Intensive Care Units, which shows a high incidence of the phenomenon in this sector(3). The units have health professionals from diverse areas and specialties, who use a great range of technologies for diagnosis and therapy in the hospital environment(4)
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