Abstract
Dysmenorrhea is a common gynaecological problem in women of reproductive age; in general, it begins with the first ovulation cycle and occurs about two years after menarche and most of the severe episodes occurs before 25 years of age. Primary dysmenorrhoea (Usre Tams Tashannuji) is one of the most common gynaecologic disorders, refers to painful menstruation. In classical Unani texts dysmenorrhoea is defined under topics like Ehtebas-e-tams and Waja-u-zahar and aujae rehm. Hijama (dry cupping) over the umbilicus removes the blood and fluid from the site of inflammation to give relief from the menstrual pain. It also diminishes swellings.
Highlights
Dysmenorrhoea is a Greek word, [1,2] Dys means ‘‘difficult,’’‘‘painful,’’ or ‘‘abnormal’’; meno is ‘‘month’’; and rrheais‘‘flow,’’ meaning difficult monthly flow [3,4]
Primary dysmenorrhea is defined as painful menses in women with normal pelvic anatomy usually begins during adolescence [6] and it occur about 50% of menstruating females [7].It is unusual for symptoms to start within first six months after menarche
One reason that has been suggested as an explanation for primary dysmenorrhea is an increased production of uterine prostaglandins derived from cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 activities [12,13]
Summary
Dysmenorrhoea is a Greek word, [1,2] Dys means ‘‘difficult,’’‘‘painful,’’ or ‘‘abnormal’’; meno is ‘‘month’’; and rrheais‘‘flow,’’ meaning difficult monthly flow [3,4]. The term dysmenorrhea refers to severe painful cramping sensation in the lower abdomen often accompanied by sweating, tachycardia, headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, and tremulousness occurring just. Patient feels heaviness in the pelvic area & pain in thighs, hips and in back.Back ache, heaviness in lower abdomen, pain occur before menstruation, nausea, vomiting. According to Hippocrate, usre tams occurs due to stagnation of menstrual blood secondary to cervical obstruction and causes painful menstrual period. According to Shaikhur Rayees Abu Ali Husain bin Abdullaha bin Sina Usre Tams occurs due to obstruction in the menstrual blood flow. He described that if the menstrual blood is balanced in quality and quantity, the cycle is regular [18]
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