Drug-related acute kidney injury in children

Abstract

Drug-related acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common problem in clinical medicine.It is more prone to occur in children, especially in children with severe infection, low circulating blood volume, congestive heart failure, diabetes and chronic kidney disease clinically.Mechanisms include altered intra-glomerular haemodynamics, oxidative damage, hypersensitivity reactions, renal obstruction, tubular inflammatory changes, interstitial nephritis, rhabdomyolysis, thrombotic microvascular disease and metabolic disorders.Therefore, the early detection of adverse drug reactions to prevent its progression to end-stage renal disease is important.Despite many efforts to improve the early assessment of AKI in patients, effective markers are still lacking.Preventive measures requires knowledge of mechanisms of drug-induced AKI, improve the prognosis by correcting risk factors, assessing baseline renal function before initiation of therapy, adjusting the drug dosage and avoiding use of nephrotoxic drug combinations. Key words: Drug-related acute kidney injury; Etiology; Pathogenesis; Common drug; Biomarkers; Preventive measures and treatment