Drug-Induced Liver Toxicity and Prevention by Herbal Antioxidants: An Overview.

Divya Singh,Ghanshyam Upadhyay,William C Cho

doi:10.3389/fphys.2015.00363

Divya Singh, Ghanshyam Upadhyay + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2015.00363

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Abstract

The liver is the center for drug and xenobiotic metabolism, which is influenced most with medication/xenobiotic-mediated toxic activity. Drug-induced hepatotoxicity is common and its actual frequency is hard to determine due to underreporting, difficulties in detection or diagnosis, and incomplete observation of exposure. The death rate is high, up to about 10% for drug-induced liver damage. Endorsed medications represented >50% of instances of intense liver failure in a study from the Acute Liver Failure Study Group of the patients admitted in 17 US healing facilities. Albeit different studies are accessible uncovering the mechanistic aspects of medication prompted hepatotoxicity, we are in the dilemma about the virtual story. The expanding prevalence and effectiveness of Ayurveda and natural products in the treatment of various disorders led the investigators to look into their potential in countering drug-induced liver toxicity. Several natural products have been reported to date to mitigate the drug-induced toxicity. The dietary nature and less adverse reactions of the natural products provide them an extra edge over other candidates of supplementary medication. In this paper, we have discussed the mechanism involved in drug-induced liver toxicity and the potential of herbal antioxidants as supplementary medication.

Highlights

The leading cause of drug non-approval and drug withdrawal by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the US is drug-induced hepatotoxicity (Ostapowicz et al, 2002; Pandit et al, 2012)
Druginduced liver injury may account for approximately 10% of all cases of acute hepatitis, 5% of all hospital admissions, and 50% of all acute liver failures (Pandit et al, 2012)
It is remarkable that more than 75% of cases of idiosyncratic drug reactions result in liver transplantation or death (Ostapowicz et al, 2002; Pandit et al, 2012)

Summary

Introduction

The leading cause of drug non-approval and drug withdrawal by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the US is drug-induced hepatotoxicity (Ostapowicz et al, 2002; Pandit et al, 2012). Studies have established the involvement of toxicant responsive genes for example CYP1A2, CYP2E1, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase in pyrogallol-induced membrane damage and hepatotoxicity (Upadhyay et al, 2007, 2008, 2010a,b).

Results

Conclusion