Drug Utilization Pattern of Antibiotics in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Mysuru, Karnataka

Abstract

ABSTRACT Introduction: Millions of babies are admitted to neonatal intensive care units (ICUs) worldwide, with a significant proportion facing various indications. Given that sepsis is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity among infants globally, including in India, the importance of efficient antibiotic use cannot be overstated. As the global problem of drug resistance intensifies, prudent antibiotic usage becomes crucial in mitigating treatment failures and ensuring the survival of newborns. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of antimicrobial drug utilization in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to assess the criteria for drug selection in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: It was an observational, prospective study conducted for 6 months in which 200 neonates admitted to the NICU at a tertiary care hospital were included in the study. Results: Out of 200 neonates, the number of male babies admitted to NICU was 115 (57.5%) and female babies were 85 (42.5%). Many of the neonates were from the age group of 1 to 5 days (58.5%). Most of the neonates were from the weight group of 2.5 to 3 kg (26.5%). The hospital admission duration for the majority of neonates is within the 3–6-day range, accounting for 98 neonates, which represents 49% of the cases. The most prevalent reason for admission to the neonatal ICU (NICU) was preterm with respiratory distress syndrome, comprising 29% of cases, followed by neonatal sepsis at 19.5%, and preterm births at 11%. Among 423 antibiotics, the most prescribed antibiotic was injection piperacillin + tazobactam (35.4%) followed by gentamicin (30.2%). Conclusion: Empirical antibiotics were administered to every newborn based on their individual conditions. The antibiotic utilization pattern within this study group was determined to be rational.