Drug treatment of osteonecrosis

Abstract

The medicinal treatment of osteonecrosis is described as part of the conservative treatment for atraumatic femoral head necrosis of the hip in adults and for Ahlbäck's disease of the knee joint. For femoral head necrosis, iloprost is used in the early stages (ARCOI andII) as atreatment attempt to eliminate pain and the accompanying bone marrow edema. This also applies to the use of bisphosphonates, whereby preferably small defects (< 30%) are suitable for treatment. Bisphosphonates are successfully used in the knee joint to treat Ahlbäck's disease, although the results are sometimes contradictory. Other locations, such as the humeral head, talus, scaphoid, lunate, proximal tibia, and metatarsal head, are sometimes successfully treated with bisphosphonates. Although the results seem promising, the groups are far too small to derive treatment recommendations in this regard.