Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a highly contagious viral respiratory illness. This illness is spurred on by a coronavirus known as SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV). SARS was first detected in Asia in late February 2003. The genome of this virus is very similar to the SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, the study of SARS-CoV disease and the identification of effective drugs to treat this disease can be new clues for the treatment of SARS-Cov-2. This study aimed to discover novel potential drugs for SARS-CoV disease in order to treating SARS-Cov-2 disease based on a novel systems biology approach. To this end, gene co-expression network analysis was applied. First, the gene co-expression network was reconstructed for 1441 genes, and then two gene modules were discovered as significant modules. Next, a list of miRNAs and transcription factors that target gene co-expression modules' genes were gathered from the valid databases, and two sub-networks formed of transcription factors and miRNAs were established. Afterward, the list of the drugs targeting obtained sub-networks' genes was retrieved from the DGIDb database, and two drug-gene and drug-TF interaction networks were reconstructed. Finally, after conducting different network analyses, we proposed five drugs, including FLUOROURACIL, CISPLATIN, SIROLIMUS, CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE, and METHYLDOPA, as candidate drugs for SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus treatment. Moreover, ten miRNAs including miR-193b, miR-192, miR-215, miR-34a, miR-16, miR-16, miR-92a, miR-30a, miR-7, and miR-26b were found to be significant miRNAs in treating SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus.
Highlights
Coronaviruses infect both animals and humans, causing intestinal and respiratory infections[1,2]
Recent research has identified a set of antiviral genes, such as ISG15, IFIH1, MX1, OAS1-3, IRF7, IRF9, and STAT1 expressed by host cells, which could be used as a new therapeutic target against coronavirus due to their response to viral infection[10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18]
Pasquale and c olleaqes[31], examined three different network-based approaches and identified 399 repurposable drugs for COVID-19 using SAveRUNNER algorithm. Another algorithm based on artificial intelligence, network diffusion, and network proximity introduced as a drug repurposing method for Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 d isease[32]
Summary
Coronaviruses infect both animals and humans, causing intestinal and respiratory infections[1,2]. We recently introduced a protein–protein interaction network approach in order to propose candidate drugs to treatment of SARS-CoV-2 disease[21]. Recently introduced a network-based method for identifying and repurposing drugs for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 disease[33]. In this method, differentially expressed genes between Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and SARS-CoV-2 samples were compared and some IPF drugs were proposed as candidate drugs to treat SARS-CoV-2 disease. Hangyu and colleaque[35] developed a machine-learning -based method to predict virus-host interactions at both organism and protein levels for SARS-Cov-2 disease. Changes in the expression of these genes can affect the expression of target miRNAs
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