Drug release from extruded solid lipid matrices: Theoretical predictions and independent experiments

Abstract

The aim of this study was to use a mechanistically realistic mathematical model based on Fick‘s second law to quantitatively predict the release profiles from solid lipid extrudates consisting of a ternary matrix. Diprophylline was studied as a freely water-soluble model drug, glycerol tristearate as a matrix former and polyethylene glycol or crospovidone as a pore former (blend ratio: 50:45:5% w/w/w). The choice of these ratios is based on former studies. Strains with a diameter of 0.6, 1, 1.5, 2.7 and 3.5 mm were prepared using a twin-screw extruder at 65 °C and cut into cylinders of varying lengths. Drug release in demineralised water was measured using the USP 32 basket apparatus. Based on SEM pictures of extrudates before and after exposure to the release medium as well as on DSC measurements and visual observations, an analytical solution of Fick’s second law of diffusion was identified in order to quantify the resulting diprophylline release kinetics from the systems. Fitting the model to one set of experimentally determined diprophylline release kinetics from PEG containing extrudates allowed determining the apparent diffusion coefficient of this drug (or water) in this lipid matrix. Knowing this value, the impact of the dimensions of the cylinders on drug release could be quantitatively predicted. Importantly, these theoretical predictions could be confirmed by independent experimental results. Thus, diffusion is the dominant mass transport mechanism controlling drug release in this type of advanced drug delivery systems. In contrast, theoretical predictions of the impact of the device dimensions in the case of crospovidone containing extrudates significantly underestimated the real diprophylline release rates. This could be attributed to the disintegration of this type of dosage forms when exceeding a specific minimal device diameter. Thus, mathematical modelling can potentially significantly speed up the development of solid lipid extrudates, but care has to be taken that none of the assumptions the mathematical theory is based on is violated.