Abstract
ObjectiveTo analyze the association between drug (DAD) and alcohol (AAD) abuse and dependency and criminal and clinical background by gender of prisoners in São Paulo, Brazil.MethodCross-sectional study, random sample stratified by administrative district, from which prisons and prisoners were selected via random, multistage sampling. Psychiatric diagnoses were made with the CIDI 2.1. Lifetime prevalence and 95% CI were calculated and adjusted via analysis of complex samples. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was carried out with four categories of dependent variables: presence AAD; presence DAD; presence of another mental disorder; no mental disorders. For female alcohol and drug abuse and dependency (ADAD) were combined into a single category.ResultsThe sample was composed by 1809 interviewed prisoners (1192 men and 617 women). Prevalence of DAD and AAD was 25.2% and 15.6%, respectively, among female prisoners, and 26.5% and 18.5% among males. Male prisoners with DAD were more likely to have a criminal record as an adolescent (OR 2.17), to be a repeat offender (OR 2.85), and to have committed a property crime (OR 2.18). Prisoners with AAD were repeat offenders (OR 2.18). Among female prisoners, ADAD was associated with repeat offenses (OR 3.39), a criminal record as an adolescent (OR 9.24), a clinical or infectious condition (OR 5.09), another health problem (OR 3.04), and violent crime (OR 2.5).ConclusionThe study confirmed an association between drug-use disorders and the criminal and clinical background in the study population. Prisoners with such disorders were more likely to be repeat offenders and to have a criminal record as adolescents. Among female prisoners disorders were also associated with violent crime and health problems, while among males they were associated with property crime. These patterns in clinical and criminal backgrounds illustrate the need for social rehabilitation programs and specific medical treatment for prison populations.
Highlights
As a phenomenon that pervades human history, crime has prompted research in a variety of fields, including public health, politics, penal law, and psychiatry
ADAD was associated with repeat offenses, a criminal record as an adolescent, a clinical or infectious condition, another health problem, and violent crime
Among female prisoners disorders were associated with violent crime and health problems, while among males they were associated with property crime
Summary
As a phenomenon that pervades human history, crime has prompted research in a variety of fields, including public health, politics, penal law, and psychiatry. There is so far no comprehensive theoretical model detailing the causal link between these phenomena, studies with prison populations have consistently shown that the relationship is not linear but mediated by several interrelated factors via a complex, multi-causal correlation [3;5]. Studies have shown that prisoners with such disorders tend to have certain criminal and clinical backgrounds. These prisoners face a greater risk of recidivism, behavioral changes while in prison, mental illness [4;9] and clinical conditions, such as dermatological, respiratory or infectious and contagious diseases [8]
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