Abstract
Periodontitis and peri-implantitis are two characteristic examples where bacterial infections compromise the healing of dental tissues. Drug eluting scaffolds are a potential solution to this problem but their fabrication requires suitable biomaterials with significant drug loading capacity and regenerative potential to support new tissue formation. With this aim, porous β-pyrophosphate crystals having a micro-pore area of 2.59 m2/g and an average pore diameter of 65 nm, have been obtained by the heat treatment of brushite (at 780 °C). To demonstrate the drug loading potential of the mineral, experiments with chloramphenicol have been conducted. After tests with four common bacteria, the drug loaded mineral was shown to have enhanced antibacterial properties, particularly towards E. coli (74% growth inhibition) and S. aureus (48% growth inhibition). Taking into account β-pyrophosphate's significant role in hard tissue mineralisation and the capability to tailor crystal micro-porosity characteristics by controlled heat treatment, the mineral can be considered as an ideal biomaterial for localised drug delivery in dental applications.
Highlights
Bacterial colonisation can have significant implications for the healing process of tissues
Two characteristic clinical conditions related to bacterial contamination, are periodontitis (PD) and peri-implantitis
At 474 °C, DCP loses 1⁄2 H2O and the formation of γ-pyrophosphate (γ-Ca2P2O7) takes place. Up to this point the initial mass of the mineral is reduced by 25% due to water removal and remains stable at higher temperatures
Summary
Bacterial colonisation can have significant implications for the healing process of tissues. Two characteristic clinical conditions related to bacterial contamination, are periodontitis (PD) and peri-implantitis (A.D. Anastasiou). PD is an inflammatory disease affecting the tissues that support teeth. The disease begins when bacterial growth on a tooth surface forms microbial plaque. An over-aggressive immune response against this, leads to chronic inflammation of the periodontal tissues and the destruction of the periodontal ligaments. If left untreated PD leads to tooth loss [1] and current evidence associates PD with other systemic health conditions (e.g. cardiovascular diseases) [2]. At the moment there are many treatment options available
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