Abstract
Drug-induced hypersensitivity reactions are of major concern and present a burden for national healthcare systems due to their often severe nature, high rate of hospital admissions and high mortality. They manifest with a wide range of symptoms and signs, and can be initiated by a wide range of structurally diverse chemical compounds. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying hypersensitivity reactions are not well understood, but it is thought that they are immune mediated. MHC region on Chromosome 6 contains many genes with immune function. Classical MHC molecules are highly polymorphic cell surface glycoproteins whose function is to present peptide antigens to T cells. In addition to conferring protection from some diseases, HLA alleles are also associated with an increased risk of other diseases, including drug-induced hypersensitivity. Pharmacogenetic approach to predict the risk of drug-induced hypersensitivity has been established for several drugs. We will discuss the progress of hypersensitivity pharmacogenetics over the last few years and focus on current efforts of the international community to develop consortia which aim to standardize disease phenotypes and to identify affected individuals through international collaborations. In addition, we will discuss the clinical utility of HLA typing as predictive or diagnostic testing for drug-induced hypersensitivity.
Highlights
Hypersensitivity reactions are of major concern and present a burden for national healthcare systems due to their often severe nature, high rate of hospital admissions and high mortality [1,2,3]
The Phenotype Standardization Project (PSP) has been organized by the US FDA, the International Serious Adverse Events Consortium and the Wellcome Trust with the main aim to develop standardized phenotypes, which could facilitate Electronic Medical Record (EMR)
Genes are the usual candidates for drug hypersensitivity, and as such careful study here is likely to lead to significant findings, as for example was demonstrated for abacavir hypersensitivity and HLAB*5701 [22,23,24]
Summary
Drug-induced hypersensitivity reactions represent a heterogeneous group of Type B or “off target”. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs), which manifest with a wide range of clinical symptoms and signs, and can be initiated by a wide range of structurally diverse chemical compounds. Hypersensitivity reactions are of major concern and present a burden for national healthcare systems due to their often severe nature, high rate of hospital admissions and high mortality [1,2,3]. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying hypersensitivity reactions are not well understood, but general agreement among clinicians and researchers is that they are immune mediated [4,5]. One of the most commonly reported reactions is delayed type hypersensitivity, which is T cell mediated
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
