Abstract
When blockages in the arteries of the heart (coronary arteries) develop, individuals may experience symptoms caused by inadequate blood supply to the heart muscle. This typically produces chest pain or pressure and/or shortness of breath. Treatment for this condition (coronary artery disease) will depend on the type of the blockage and its extent. Treatment options include medication, surgery (coronary artery bypass surgery), or catheter-based procedures, which are discussed below. Patients should discuss these options with their physician to determine which may be best for them. Several types of catheter-based procedures are available. During balloon angioplasty, the physician passes a special balloon catheter into the narrowed segment of the artery and expands the balloon, which thus opens the artery and compresses the blockage against the wall of the artery. More than one third of patients who undergo balloon angioplasty may experience restenosis (renarrowing) of the diseased artery segment within 6 months of the procedure. Stents are very small metal tubes that can be inserted via a balloon catheter into the narrowed segment of the artery (Figure). When the …
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