Drug-Eluting Stents Versus Conventional Endovascular Therapies in Symptomatic Infrapopliteal Peripheral Artery Disease: A Meta-analysis

Abstract

<h2>Abstract</h2><h3>Background</h3> Balloon angioplasty is the standard endovascular treatment for symptomatic infrapopliteal peripheral artery disease (PAD). However, recent trials have studied the effectiveness of drug-eluting stents (DES) for infrapopliteal PAD. <h3>Objective</h3> This study investigated the use of DES compared with standard endovascular techniques for treatment of infrapopliteal artery disease. <h3>Methods</h3> This is a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of 9 recent randomized controlled trials. The primary clinical outcome assessed was primary patency. The secondary outcomes were target lesion revascularization (TLR), major limb amputation, and all-cause mortality. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 945 patients met the inclusion criteria. Patients treated with DES were found to have increased primary patency than control at maximum follow-up (hazard ratio [HR] 2.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.58-2.97, <i>P</i> < .0001, I² = 62%). A similar result was seen in the subgroup of patients with critical limb ischemia (HR 2.58, 95% CI 1.49-4.49, <i>P</i> = .0008, I² = 75%). DES were associated with significantly lower rates of TLR than control at maximum follow-up (HR 0.48, 95% CI 0.33-0.68, <i>P</i> < .0001; I² = 11%). There was no statistical difference between DES versus control in rates of major limb amputation and mortality. <h3>Conclusions</h3> DES have superior primary patency and TLR rates with no difference in amputation and all-cause mortality rates compared with conventional endovascular therapies in patients with infrapopliteal PAD.