Abstract
Molecular imaging allows a noninvasive assessment of biochemical and biological processes in living subjects. Treatment strategies for malignant lymphoma depend on histology and tumor stage. For the last two decades, molecular imaging has been the mainstay diagnostic test for the staging of malignant lymphoma and the assessment of response to treatment. This technology enhances our understanding of disease and drug activity during preclinical and clinical drug development. Here, we review molecular imaging applications in drug development, with an emphasis on oncology. Monitoring and assessing the efficacy of anti-cancer therapies in preclinical or clinical models are essential and the multimodal molecular imaging approach may represent a new stage for pharmacologic development in cancer. Monitoring the progress of lymphoma therapy with imaging modalities will help patients. Identifying and addressing key challenges is essential for successful integration of molecular imaging into the drug development process. In this review, we highlight the general usefulness of molecular imaging in drug development and radionuclide-based reporter genes. Further, we discuss the different molecular imaging modalities for lymphoma therapy and their preclinical and clinical applications.
Highlights
The drug development process is a lengthy, high-risk, and costly endeavor
Lim et al reported that patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) were treated by RIT with radioiodinated human/murine chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb) rituximab (131I-rituximab)
The unique features of molecular imaging allow us to expand our knowledge of the therapeutic targets for lymphomas and pathways involved in the initiation and progression of lymphomas, and provide bridges to clinical applications in diagnosis, staging, therapeutic target determination, and monitoring therapeutic response
Summary
The drug development process is a lengthy, high-risk, and costly endeavor. the specifics and duration of the process for drug development can be quite variable, in general, approval of a new drug from the beginning takes more than ten years [1]. The 3D image is generated based on advanced mathematical algorithms that resolve photon scattering deep within tissue and localize the position of the source [24,25] Nuclear imaging techniques, such as PET and SPECT (with nanomolar blood concentrations of injected radiotracers), provide the required 3D distribution of the administered tracer and possess high sensitivity and resolution with good tissue penetration depth. They have the potential to detect molecular and cellular changes that accompany diseases [23,26]. Further developments concerning combined whole-body PET/MR scanning are underway in clinics [26,34]
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