Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common causes of dementia. Its pathogenesis is characterized by the aggregation of the amyloid-β (Aβ) protein in senile plaques and the hyperphosphorylated tau protein in neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Current medications for AD can provide temporary help with the memory symptoms and other cognitive changes of patients, however, they are not able to stop or reverse the progression of AD. New medication discovery and the development of a cure for AD is urgently in need. In this review, we summarized drugs for AD treatments and their recent updates, and discussed the potential of microglia induced neuroinflammation as a target for anti-AD drug development.
Highlights
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by a gradually progressive loss of memory and cognitive functions as early symptoms, and developing into dementia eventually [1]. It is mostly diagnosed in people over 65 years-old, which is termed sporadic AD, while around 4–5% of cases occur before 65, which is classified as early-onset AD [2]
We summarized the Aβ plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles-targeting drugs currently undergoing clinical trials, and discussed the potential of microglia induced neuroinflammation as a target for anti-AD drug development
The pathology of AD includes the aggregation of extracellular senile plaques formed by Aβ protein, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles formed by hyperphosphorylated tau protein, enhanced neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, iron dysregulation, and neuronal cell death [14,15,16]
Summary
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by a gradually progressive loss of memory and cognitive functions as early symptoms, and developing into dementia eventually [1]. It is mostly diagnosed in people over 65 years-old, which is termed sporadic AD, while around 4–5% of cases occur before 65, which is classified as early-onset AD [2]. We summarized the Aβ plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles-targeting drugs currently undergoing clinical trials (information comes from https://clinicaltrials.gov), and discussed the potential of microglia induced neuroinflammation as a target for anti-AD drug development
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