Abstract
Nanocarrier-based systems hold a promise to become “Dr. Ehrlich’s Magic Bullet” capable of delivering drugs, proteins and genetic materials intact to a specific location in an organism down to subcellular level. The key question, however, how a nanocarrier is internalized by cells and how its intracellular trafficking and the fate in the cell can be controlled remains yet to be answered. In this review we survey drug delivery systems based on various polymeric nanocarriers, their uptake mechanisms, as well as the experimental techniques and common pathway inhibitors applied for internalization studies. While energy-dependent endocytosis is observed as the main uptake pathway, the integrity of a drug-loaded nanocarrier upon its internalization appears to be a seldomly addressed problem that can drastically affect the uptake kinetics and toxicity of the system in vitro and in vivo.
Highlights
Nanocarriers have great potential as drug delivery systems (DDS). They enhance the bioavailability of drugs, extent circulation times and can accumulate in compromised tissue via an effect known as enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) [1,2,3]
The results showed the model membrane acted as a(below facilitating an efficient between the hydrophobic drug that the model membrane acted as a ‘sink,’ facilitating an efficient transfer between the hydrophobic and the membrane within minutes
While for in vitro experiments this additional mechanism can be considered as advantageous, greatly accelerating the uptake, it should be considered as indication of nanocarrier instability
Summary
Nanocarriers have great potential as drug delivery systems (DDS). They enhance the bioavailability of drugs, extent circulation times and can accumulate in compromised tissue via an effect known as enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) [1,2,3]. Ita can be range further with acrylic acid a broad further modifications poly(2-oxazoline) It is very versatile, and many different monomers can be with a relatively new class of polymer being used as DDS is poly(2-oxazoline). Many different monomers can be with a relatively new class of polymer being used as DDS is poly(2-oxazoline) It isproduced very versatile, wide variety of properties [1,16]. Polymeric micelles butthe the actual encapsulated drug polymeric nanocarriers are discussed, alongside with various experimental techniques commonly and cell type play a crucial role in the uptake [25,26]. Discussed, alongside with various experimental techniques commonly applied for discerning specific uptake mechanisms
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
