Abstract
This paper presents an analysis of the molecular mechanisms involved in the formation of inclusion complexes together with some structural interpretation of drug–carrier molecule interactions in aqueous multicomponent systems comprising methylxanthines and cyclodextrins. The determination of apparent partial molar volumes () from experimental density measurements, both for binary and ternary aqueous solutions of cyclodextrins and methylxanthines, was performed at low concentration range to be consistent with their therapeutic uses in the drug-releasing field. The estimation of the equilibrium constant for inclusion complexes of 1:1 stoichiometry was done through the mathematical modelling of this apparent molar property. The examination of the volume changes offered information about the driving forces for the insertion of the xanthine into the cyclodextrin molecule. The analysis on the volumes of transfer, Δ, and the viscosity B-coefficients of transfer, ΔB, for the xanthine from water to the different aqueous solutions of cyclodextrin allowed evaluating the possible interactions between aqueous solutes and/or solute–solvent interactions occurring in the solution. Mutual diffusion coefficients for binary, and ternary mixtures composed by xanthine, cyclodextrin, and water were measured with the Taylor dispersion technique. The behavior diffusion of these multicomponent systems and the coupled flows occurring in the solution were analyzed in order to understand the probable interactions between cyclodextrin–xanthine by estimating their association constants and leading to clearer insight of these systems structure. The measurements were performed at the standard (298.15 ± 0.01) K and physiological (310.15 ± 0.01) K temperatures.
Highlights
Since the origins of our civilization, humans have tried to improve their health and relieve or eliminate pain through the ingestion or administration of certain substances
This paper aims to explore the characteristics of drug delivery systems composed by cyclodextrins and methylxanthines in order to overcome the main disadvantages of the administration of the individual drugs
It was observed that they decrease with increasing solute concentration in aqueous solution, indicating an associative interaction between caffeine molecules, as it was already reported by other authors [24,55]
Summary
Since the origins of our civilization, humans have tried to improve their health and relieve or eliminate pain through the ingestion or administration of certain substances. Empirical knowledge coupled with industrial development has allowed the advance of medical sciences, and in the pharmaceutical area, of new therapeutic agents from both natural and synthetic origins [1,2,3]. Not all these substances possess the necessary properties to be effective therapeutic agents. They often often do do not not go beyond the first phase of clinical trials, which is, in the opinion of most They. One way to evade this situation is to create alternatives totoconventional conventional forms[6,7]
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