Drug delivery systems for osteogenic disorders utilizing green nanotechnology

Abstract

Background: The skeletal system, crucial for structural support, movement, and various metabolic processes, is continually remodeled through the balanced activity of osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. Disruptions in this balance lead to bone disorders, including osteoporosis and osteogenesis imperfecta, necessitating effective therapeutic strategies. Traditional drug delivery systems face challenges such as poor targeting efficiency and systemic toxicity. Aim: This review examines the application of green nanotechnology in developing advanced drug delivery systems for treating osteogenic disorders. Green nanotechnology focuses on using environmentally friendly methods to synthesize nanomaterials (NMs) that enhance drug delivery and promote bone regeneration while minimizing toxicity. Methods: The review evaluates various nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems, including bisphosphonates, tetracyclines, oligopeptides, and aptamers, and their applications in bone health. It highlights the limitations of conventional approaches and the potential of green nanotechnology to overcome these challenges. The review covers polysaccharide-based, protein-based, calcium-based, and silica-based green nanotechnologies and their roles in improving drug delivery for bone disorders. Results: Green nanotechnology has demonstrated significant promise in enhancing drug delivery for osteogenic disorders. Polysaccharide-based systems, such as heparin and chitosan nanocomplexes, offer improved targeting and drug release capabilities. Protein-based technologies, including silk sericin and collagen, support bone repair and regeneration.