Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection poses a significant health challenge due to associated morbidity and mortality from cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer that eventually results in the breakdown of liver functionality. Nanotechnology has the potential to play a pivotal role in reducing viral load levels and drug-resistant HBV through drug targeting, thus reducing the rate of evolution of the disease. Apart from tissue targeting, intracellular delivery of a wide range of drugs is necessary to exert a therapeutic action in the affected organelles. This review encompasses the strategies and techniques that have been utilized to target the HBV-infected nuclei in liver hepatocytes, with a significant look at the new insights and most recent advances in drug carriers and their role in anti-HBV therapy.
Highlights
A significant threat to patients suffering from chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection lies in the emergence of cirrhosis, often leading to hepatocellular cancer, portal hypertension, or liver failure.Ten genotypes of HBV have been identified, labeled A through J, with genotypes A, B, and C being most prevalent [1,2]
Novel cationic lipids were synthesized from N-cholesteryloxycarbonyl-3,7-diazanonane-1,9diamine (CDAN) that is conjugated to a dialkylglycylamide moiety to form N 0,N 0 -dioctadecylN-4,8-diaza-10-aminodecanoylglycine amide (DODAG)
The treatment of HBV has seen numerous developments, the development of novel liver-specific drug delivery strategies that prevents the high morbidity and mortality associated with HBV is still in its early stages
Summary
A significant threat to patients suffering from chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection lies in the emergence of cirrhosis, often leading to hepatocellular cancer, portal hypertension, or liver failure. Anti-HBV therapy, over the last few years, promised an enhanced effectiveness against HBV Drugs such as interferon-α2B, PEGylated interferon-α2A, lamivudine, adefovir, tenofovir, entecavir, and telbivudine have all been recognized and acknowledged for their treatment and direct antiviral activity against chronic HBV infection [2,3]. The mechanics of targeted drug delivery are foremost in consideration for parenteral administration in addition to shielding therapeutics from degradation and untimely elimination. These mechanics are drug delivery vehicles consisting of soluble carriers such as synthetic polymers, particulate carriers such as micro- and nanoparticles, and target-specific recognition moieties such as monoclonal antibodies. At the target site of action, in this case being the liver, a drug is transported by its carrier. Emphasis is provided on the drugs currently being utilized, in addition to the novel drug delivery platforms that have been produced with the aim of providing a rationale between the various drugs being utilized in combination with the advanced drug delivery systems employed
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