Abstract
Background: Central Asian countries as Uzbekistanhave a long history of opium consumption. In recent years, the use of opium and other drugs became epidemic. The article investigates the history of drug consumption with an emphasis on opium in the region of present-day Uzbekistan. Objectives:The paper investigates how patterns of drug consumption reflect religious, historical and political influences and are also shaped by the availability of a drug. Methods: A search of ancient literature in the Karlsruher Virtueller Katalog, in the Tashkent National Library, Leipzig University Library, German National Library, and private sources of the authors were used for the review. Search criteria were Central Asia, Uzbekistan, drugs, opium, alcohol, cannabis. For modern sources, the search engine MEDLINE was used . Additionally, in
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