Abstract
Drought induced stress is often a bottleneck of agricultural crop production. Invariably, field crops across all agro-ecological regions succumb to it with an yield penalty. Drought massively affects the growth and harvestable yield in crops and has become an imminent problem necessitating breeding of tolerant crops. It induces myriad changes of biochemical, molecular, and physiological nature that manifest into aberrant plant morphology. The response to drought in plants incites a signaling cascade that involves perception and translation of drought signal leading to concomitant modulation of gene expression and de novo osmolyte synthesis. The intricate patterns of expression of these genes vary from early induction to late responsive genes. While one class of genes codes for products imparting osmotolerance and protection to plants, the second class predominantly modulates target gene expression by an intricate signal transduction mechanism. This review summarizes both canonical and non-canonical cascades of drought stress response in plants, delineating the mechanism in rice (Oryza sativa) and emphasizes hydropenia induced lipid signaling.
Highlights
Altered physiological conditions disrupt cellular homeostasis and orchestrate stress in plants
Drought i.e., hydropenia is the most devastating environmental stress (Gaspar et al, 2002) and impacts multiple morphological changes that are visible in all “Phenological stages of plant/crop growth” (Zhang et al, 2017)
It is estimated that drought will impact 30% global loss of crop yield by 2025 (Zhang, 2011)
Summary
Altered physiological conditions disrupt cellular homeostasis and orchestrate stress in plants Plants during their growth period are exposed to multiple stresses such as drought, shading (low light intensity), low temperature, salinity, flooding, heat, oxidative stress, and heavy metal toxicity (Shivakumara et al, 2017; Shivaraj et al, 2017). Drought i.e., hydropenia is the most devastating environmental stress (Gaspar et al, 2002) and impacts multiple morphological changes that are visible in all “Phenological stages of plant/crop growth” (Zhang et al, 2017). It decreases crop stand in field (Lambers et al, 2008) and reduces harvestable yield and economic harvest in crops (Thirunavukkarasu et al, 2017; Van Gioi et al, 2017). The growing water scarcity/mis-management of the available water is a major threat to sustainable domestic, industrial, and agricultural development (Hamdy et al, 2003)
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