Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the antimicrobial potentials of soil bacteria and identify the bioactive compounds and their likely targets through in silico studies. A total 53 bacterial isolates were screened for their antimicrobial potential of which the strain JRBHU6 showing highest antimicrobial activity was identified as Burkholderia seminalis (GenBank accession no. MK500868) based on 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. B. seminalis JRBHU6 also produced hydrolytic enzymes chitinases and cellulase of significance in accrediting its antimicrobial nature. The bioactive metabolites produced by the isolate were extracted in different organic solvents among which methanolic extract showed best growth-suppressing activities toward multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus and fungal strains, viz Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus niger, Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Trichoderma harzianum. The antimicrobial compounds were purified using silica gel thin layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). On the basis of spectroscopic analysis, the bioactive metabolites were identified as pyrrolo(1,2-a)pyrazine-1,4-dione,hexahydro (PPDH) and pyrrolo(1,2-a)pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro-3(2-methylpropyl) (PPDHMP). In silico molecular docking studies showed the bioactive compounds targeting fungal and bacterial proteins, among which PPDHMP was multitargeting in nature as reported for the first time through this study.
Highlights
Agriculture, globally, is getting affected by the changing weather conditions and attack by phytopathogens
The 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences of B. seminalis JRBHU6 was submitted to National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), GenBank under the accession number MK500868
Results from the present study demonstrate the compounds PPDH and PPDHMP purified from B. seminalis JRBHU6 as potent biocontrol agents targeting many key enzymes and proteins of microbes
Summary
Agriculture, globally, is getting affected by the changing weather conditions and attack by phytopathogens. Biocontrol efficiency of any microbe is attributed to the wide array of bioactive compounds produced by them, which repress their competitors. The bioactive compounds are basically secondary metabolites that are not vital for microbial growth/reproduction but provides miscellaneous survival purposes in nature (Martín et al, 2005; Elshafie et al, 2017b,c) and have been exploited against the emerging multidrug resistance observed in phytopathogens (Magiorakos et al, 2012). Microbes living in profoundly competitive conditions normally produce secondary metabolites to limit their ecological competitors (Mearns-Spragg et al, 1998). Investigations on these metabolites have recently gained prominence with increasing recognitions of their origin, function, and structural diversity. Actinomycetales members produce over 10,000 bioactive compounds representing 45% of the microbial metabolites (Abdel-Razek et al, 2020)
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