Abstract
Human body temperature increases during wakefulness and decreases during sleep. The body temperature rhythm (BTR) is a robust output of the circadian clock and is fundamental for maintaining homeostasis, such as generating metabolic energy and sleep, as well as entraining peripheral clocks in mammals. However, the mechanisms that regulate BTR are largely unknown. Drosophila are ectotherms, and their body temperatures are close to ambient temperature; therefore, flies select a preferred environmental temperature to set their body temperature. We identified a novel circadian output, the temperature preference rhythm (TPR), in which the preferred temperature in flies increases during the day and decreases at night. TPR, thereby, produces a daily BTR. We found that fly TPR shares many features with mammalian BTR. We demonstrated that diuretic hormone 31 receptor (DH31R) mediates Drosophila TPR and that the closest mouse homolog of DH31R, calcitonin receptor (Calcr), is essential for mice BTR. Importantly, both TPR and BTR are regulated in a distinct manner from locomotor activity rhythms, and neither DH31R nor Calcr regulates locomotor activity rhythms. Our findings suggest that DH31R/Calcr is an ancient and specific mediator of BTR. Thus, understanding fly TPR will provide fundamental insights into the molecular and neural mechanisms that control BTR in mammals.
Highlights
Most organisms exhibit approximately 24-h cycles of physiological and behavioral activity [1,2].In humans, body temperature fluctuates by approximately 1 ◦ C over the course of a day, increasing gradually during wakefulness and decreasing during sleep (Figure 1A) [3]
We recently showed that a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), the calcitonin conserved mechanisms that to theactivity circadian regulation of body temperature mammals receptor, modulates
What is the receptor of DH31 for the regulation of the night-onset temperature preference rhythm (TPR)? We found that Pdfr mutant flies exhibited a dampened night-onset TPR (Figure 5B) [40]
Summary
Most organisms exhibit approximately 24-h cycles of physiological and behavioral activity [1,2]. Drosophila can be used as a model organism for BTRs. We found that flies exhibit robust temperature preferencecircadian behavior rhythms and that using their preferred temperature fluctuates over a 24-hourcan period. Drosophila be used as a flies are small ectotherms body are very close to thepreference ambient temperatures in model organism for BTRs.and. We their found thattemperatures flies exhibit robust temperature behavior and the environments they choose, this fluctuation in preferred temperature can give rise to a BTR in flies that their preferred temperature fluctuates over a 24-h period. BTRs our thatdescribe there are evolutionarily conserved mechanisms contributeunderlying to the circadian in Drosophila and mice and discuss how Drosophila can be a model organism for BTRs. regulation of body temperature in mammals and flies.
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