Abstract
Drosophila bifasciata Pomini, which belongs to the obscura species group of the subgenus Sophophora, seems to be transpalaearctic, since it inhabits vast areas in Europe and Asia (Pomini, 1941; Burla, 1951). This species lives also in Japan, most commonly in cool and mountainous districts (Moriwaki et al., 1952, 1953, 1954). In some localities in the northern parts of Japan, e.g. Hokkaido, this species can be collected at low elevations in early summer. At six localities, so far confined to Hokkaido, some flies with a thorax color have occasionally been collected, designated provisionally as yellowish (yh), and regarded as mutant forms of the same species. Interestingly, yh flies were always found together with what was believed to be wild type flies. Stimulated by this fact, the possibility of incipient reproductive isolation between yh and wild strains has been examined (Moriwaki and Saito, 1956; Ohnishi and Moriwaki, 1958). In addition to the thorax color, slight morphological differences and incomplete synapsis or specific configurations in salivary chromosomes of hybrid larvae have also been observed. Experiments and observations are reported below which show that the yellowish flies belong to a new sibling species related to D. bifasciata. This species is described and named below as Drosophila imaii.
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