Dropout from Court-Mandated Intervention Programs for Intimate Partner Violence Offenders: The Relevance of Alcohol Misuse and Cognitive Impairments.

Ángel Romero-Martínez,Enrique Gracia,Luis Moya-Albiol,Marisol Lila

doi:10.3390/ijerph16132402

Abstract

There is considerable interest in offering insight into the mechanisms that might explain why certain perpetrators of intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) drop out of interventions. Although several socio-demographic variables and attitudes towards IPVAW have been proposed as risk factors for IPVAW perpetrators’ dropout, less attention has been paid to alcohol misuse, and its interactions with empathic and cognitive deficits, in the discontinuation of the treatment. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to compare the profile of a carefully selected sample of IPVAW perpetrators, divided into four groups: those who completed the intervention with low (n = 267) and high alcohol consumption (n = 67); and those who dropped out before the intervention ended with low (n = 62).and high alcohol consumption (n = 27). Furthermore, we also studied the initial risk before the intervention started and the official IPVAW recidivism during the first year after the intervention ended. Our results revealed that IPVAW perpetrators, especially those who did not complete the intervention and had high alcohol consumption/alcohol misuse, were less accurate in decoding emotional facial signals and presented more errors and perseverative errors than those who completed the intervention. These differences were particularly marked in comparison with those who showed less alcohol consumption. Furthermore, the first group also presented the highest risk (assessed by therapists) and official recidivism rate (official records). Conversely, the lowest rate of IPVAW reoffending was presented by IPVAW treatment completers with low alcohol consumption. Hence, our study identifies different targets that should be addressed during the initial stages of interventions in order to prevent or reduce IPVAW dropout, which in turn might reduce violence recidivism in the long term through their effects on emotional information processing and behavioural regulation.

Highlights

Intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) is a major worldwide health problem with a lifetime prevalence of around 23% and severe consequences for women’s health [1,2].a large number of studies have focused on the victims, but it is important to studyIPVAW offenders/perpetrators in order to understand this complex phenomenon
There were differences between groups in the number of treatment sessions received, the initial risk of IPVAW recidivism assessed by the Spousal Assault Risk Assessment (SARA), and the rates of reoffending assessed by the Spanish Home Office and collected one year after treatment ended
The post hoc analysis revealed that the IPVAW who completed the intervention with low alcohol consumption received a higher number of sessions and presented less initial risk of reoffending and real reoffending than the rest of the groups (p < 0.05), less than those who dropped out with high alcohol misuse (p < 0.001)

Summary

Introduction

Intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) is a major worldwide health problem with a lifetime prevalence of around 23% and severe consequences for women’s health [1,2].a large number of studies have focused on the victims, but it is important to studyIPVAW offenders/perpetrators in order to understand this complex phenomenon. Intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) is a major worldwide health problem with a lifetime prevalence of around 23% and severe consequences for women’s health [1,2]. A large number of studies have focused on the victims, but it is important to study. IPVAW offenders/perpetrators in order to understand this complex phenomenon. The greater our understanding of this phenomenon, the more effective the interventions will be. In order to prevent and punish IPVAW, Spanish legislation passed the comprehensive Law. 1/2004 to protect women from any kind of psychological, physical, and/or sexual violence perpetrated by their male partners in an intimate relationship. 1/2004 to protect women from any kind of psychological, physical, and/or sexual violence perpetrated by their male partners in an intimate relationship This law defined IPVAW as “an expression of. Public Health 2019, 16, 2402; doi:10.3390/ijerph16132402 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph

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