Droplet cooling in atomization sprays

Abstract

Transport between droplets/particles and a gas phase plays an important role in numerous material processing operations. These include rapid solidification operations such as gas atomization and spray forming, as well as chemical systems such as flash furnaces. Chemical reaction rates and solidification are dependent on the rate of gas-particle or gas-droplet transport mechanisms. These gas-based processes are difficult to analyze due to their complexity which include particle and droplet distribution and the flow in a gas field having variations in temperature and velocity both in the jet cross-section and in the axial distance away from the jet source. Thus to study and properly identify the important variables in transport, these gas and droplet variations must be eliminated or controlled. This is done in this work using models based on a single fluid atomization system. Using a heat transport model (referred to as thermal model) validated using single fluid atomization of molten droplets and a microsegregation model, the effect of process variables on heat losses from droplets was examined. In this work, the effect of type of gas, droplet size, gas temperature, gas-droplet relative velocity on the heat transport from AA6061 droplets was examined. It is shown that for a given gas type, the most critical process variable is the gas temperature particularly as affected by two-way thermal coupling and the droplet size. The results are generalized and applied to explain the difference in droplet cooling rate from different atomization processes.