Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, with limited treatments being available. However, advances in optic methods in neuroscience are providing new insights into the damaged brain and potential avenues for recovery. Direct brain stimulation has revealed close associations between mental states and neuroprotective processes in health and disease, and activity-dependent calcium indicators are being used to decode brain dynamics to understand the mechanisms underlying these associations. Evoked neural oscillations have recently shown the ability to restore and maintain intrinsic homeostatic processes in the brain and could be rapidly deployed during emergency care or shortly after admission into the clinic, making them a promising, non-invasive therapeutic option. We present an overview of the most relevant descriptions of brain injury after stroke, with a focus on disruptions to neural oscillations. We discuss the optical technologies that are currently used and lay out a roadmap for future studies needed to inform the next generation of strategies to promote functional recovery after stroke.
Highlights
Stroke is a debilitating neurological condition that constitutes a major cause of adult disability, affecting 10 million patients annually
In this review we focus our attention on the recent advances in stroke recovery related to changes in brain oscillations
More recent studies have shown that this outcome may be dependent on the stage of stroke, with higher delta coherence predicting worse behavioural recovery in the acute phase after stroke, but better recovery in the chronic phase (Cassidy Jessica et al, 2020). These results show that delta oscillations can be either protective or harmful in recovery processes; the correlation between higher delta power and recovery in chronic stroke suggests that the brain has either adapted to having an increase in these oscillations, or that their effects are only beneficial once a certain amount of recovery has already occurred
Summary
Stroke is a debilitating neurological condition that constitutes a major cause of adult disability, affecting 10 million patients annually. On a circuit and interhemispheric level, there is an imbalance of inhibitory and excitatory neuronal activity, and disruption of neural networks (Aronowski and Zhao, 2011) These changes lead to neuronal death and loss of synaptic connections that, depending on which part of the brain is affected, result in behavioural deficits such as weakness, limb hemiparesis, and loss of coordination (Hatem et al, 2016; Lodha et al, 2017), as well as speech and cognitive impairments (Sun et al, 2014). We present an overview on how brain stimulation techniques drive neural oscillations and lay out a roadmap for future studies that are needed to inform the generation of strategies to promote functional recovery after stroke
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
