Abstract
The International Maritime Organization projects that greenhouse gas emissions from international shipping may grow by 50% to 250% by 2050 above 2012 levels in the business-as-usual scenario. In light of global climate concerns, climate mitigation measures need to be implemented in the shipping sector urgently. Before measures can be implemented, it is useful to understand the factors that influence historical trends so that policies can be better tailored to address specific driving factors. A multidimensional index decomposition analysis of energy consumption from international shipping from 2014 to 2017 that examines 6 factors across product types and shipping routes is presented in this study, based on comprehensive microdata of almost all vessels in the world. The study finds that improvements in energy intensity is consistent across product types and shipping routes, reinforcing the importance of energy efficiency as a key climate mitigation measure. However, shifts in freight transport activity across different regions have offset gains in energy efficiency and was the most dominant factor contributing to an increase in energy consumption. Monitoring of the transport structure effect is critical for progress tracking and the potential of this effect to alter energy consumption should also be factored into emission projections.
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