Driving cost factors in adult outpatients with refractory epilepsy: A daily clinical practice in clinics of neurology in Spain

Abstract

To explore the association between patient-reported-outcomes measurements and costs in adult outpatients with drug refractory epilepsy (DRE) in Spain. Secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study to determine resources utilization and related costs of refractory epilepsy in Spain (LINCE study). Consecutive adult outpatients fulfilling criteria for DRE were analyzed. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL), anxiety and depression, self-perceived health status and patient's satisfaction with treatment were assessed respectively by QOLIE-10, HAD scales, EQ-5D-VAS and SATMED-Q questionnaire. Costs were estimated from public tariffs computing healthcare and non-healthcare resources use in the year 2005. Seven hundred sixty two consecutive patients (728 (95.5%) valuables; 50.8% males, 40.5+/-13.5 years) were analyzed. Severe levels of anxiety and depression were both associated with higher costs: from a mean yearly total cost of 6291 euros +/- 7748 (no anxiety) to 10325.8 euros +/-9900.8 (severe), p<0.0012 and from 5983.5 euros +/-6726.1 (no depression) to 12691.4 euros +/-11745.9 (severe), p<0.0001. Total yearly cost was inversely associated with HRQoL, self-perceived health status and satisfaction with treatment: from 11517.3 euros +/-11449.2 to 5430.2 euros +/-7776.6, first and tenth QOLIE-10 decile intervals, respectively, from 11494 euros +/- 11668 to 5334.3 +/- 7606, first and tenth VAS decile intervals, respectively, and from 9762.6 euros +/- 9956.6 to 4746.4 euros +/- 5616.7, first and tenth SATMED-Q decile intervals, respectively, p<0.0001. Higher costs of refractory epilepsy were associated with poorer patient-reported-outcomes scores. These findings may be of interest for both health decision makers and clinicians when evaluating the resources devoted to epilepsy.