Driver's distracted behavior: The contribution of compensatory beliefs increases with higher perceived risk

Abstract

Engaging in distractive behaviors while driving is common worldwide, despite its proven negative impact on driving safety. The current study aimed to investigate the ability of drivers' compensatory beliefs regarding distracted driving (i.e., the belief that the negative effects of an unsafe behavior can be “neutralized” by engaging in another safe behavior; e.g., “slowing down can compensate for the impact of driving distractions”) and drivers' risk perceptions to predict drivers' distracting behaviors. This study analyzed the self-reports of 304 non-professional drivers (186 males and 118 females) between the ages of 19 and 66 years. The revised questionnaires were proven reliable and valid for measuring drivers' compensatory beliefs regarding distractions, their distractive behaviors, and their perceived risk. Additionally, three components (i.e., mobile phone use, in-vehicle interactions, and mind wandering) were identified in the current study using factor analyses. The analysis of the relationships among the study variables showed that the drivers' compensatory beliefs regarding distractive behaviors were a core predictor of the drivers’ engagement in distracting behaviors, especially for behaviors with a higher perceived risk rating (e.g., mobile phone use).