Driver Responses to Incongruent V2V and V2I Safety Critical Information in Left-Turn Across Path Scenarios

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The present work aims to help guide the development of safer systems and interfaces by investigating how drivers handle safety messages from in-vehicle and in-roadway infrastructure sources with incongruent onset timing. Two part-task driving simulator experiments were used to examine concurrent Driver-Infrastructure Interface (DII) and Driver-Vehicle Interface (DVI) displays for a gap-assist system while making a Left-Turn Across Path (LTAP) movement at a signalized intersection. Participants encountered repeated LTAP scenarios and indicated whether they would make a left turn through varying gaps in traffic. The key factors examined were: gap size, age, display type, and the visibility of oncoming traffic. Drivers primarily used the displays when they had an obstructed view of oncoming traffic. They preferred the DII, but some participants would rely on the DVI if the DII had conservative timing. Participants showed inconsistent performance when the DII and DVI displayed conflicting information.