Abstract
Capability of electrocardiogram (ECG) signal in contributing to the daily application keeps developing days by days. As technology advances, ECG marks the possibility as a potential mechanism towards the drowsiness detection system. Driver drowsiness is a state between sleeping and being awake due to body fatigue while driving. This condition has become a common issue that leads to road accidents and death. It is proven in previous studies that biological signals are closely related to a person’s reaction. Electrocardiogram (ECG) is an electrical indicator of the heart, provides such criteria as it reflects the heart activity that can detect changes in human response which relates to our emotions and reactions. Thus, this study proposed a non-intrusive detector to detect driver drowsiness by using the ECG. This study obtained ECG data from the ULg multimodality drowsiness database to simulate the different stages of sleep, which are PVT1 as early sleep while PVT2 as deep sleep. The signals are later processed in MATLAB using Savitzky-Golay filter to remove artifacts in the signal. Then, QRS complexes are extracted from the acquired ECG signal. The process was followed by classifying the ECG signal using Machine Learning (ML) tools. The classification techniques that include Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), k-Nearest Neighbour (IBk) and Bayes Network (BN) algorithms proved to support the argument made in both PVT1 and PVT2 to measure the accuracy of the data acquired. As a result, PVT1 and PVT2 are correctly classified as the result shown with higher percentage accuracy on each PVTs. Hence, this paper present and prove the reliability of ECG signal for drowsiness detection in classifying high accuracy ECG data using different classification algorithms.
Highlights
Driver’s safety needs to be focused, especially when it relates to the road activities that include the behavioural and condition of a person while driving
It can be concluded that sleep stage in PVT2 can be detected when the ECG signal of a subject appears to be in a deep sleep from ECG signal in early sleep, which is in PVT1
In order to check the accuracy of PVT1 and PVT2 data, Machine Learning (ML) tools were applied with the aid of Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), IBk and Bayes Network (BN) in WEKA software
Summary
Driver’s safety needs to be focused, especially when it relates to the road activities that include the behavioural and condition of a person while driving. The condition of the drivers, including their health condition, should be monitored due to the common occurrence of road accidents causes by drowsiness issues. According to Dungun District Police Chief, Superintendent Baharudin Abdullah mention several times to avoid drowsy driving in preventing the occurrence of accidents. This is due to the Ops Sikap’s report that stated over the last year, which Dungun district marks 52 deaths while 15 deaths were recorded within the first five months of this year [2]. This scenario indirectly causes the nation to lose potential future leaders.
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