DRINKING WATER SUPPLY TO THE POPULATION OF THE WATER SCARCE REGION THE ORENBURG REGION

Abstract

In the article a problem of providing with qualitative drinking water of the population of the Orenburg region which is one of water scarce regions of Russia is considered. The current condition of water systems is caused by existence of a significant amount of sources of pollution and semi-arid climate of the region. And namely this aspect accents a problem of research of quality of drinking water in this region. Main reasons for unsatisfactory quality of drinking water are opened. Except the natural polluting factors, the anthropogenic activity on catchment areas of water objects associated with plowing of lands, use of herbicides and fertilizers, a construction of roads, bridges and gas and oil pipelines has a great influence on quality of water. The presence of these constructions produces an increase in concentration of pollutants, its accumulation along routes with the subsequent washout by drains of rain and thawed snow in water objects. Environmental stress is increased by cross-border transfer of harmful pollutants from Chelyabinsk region, the Republics of Bashkortostan and Kazakhstan. Surface water quality practically of all water objects doesn't meet standard requirements of economic and drinking and fishery appointment. This is due to fact that in most parts of the region there are no facilities for water purification and disinfection. In rural settlements technical condition of water distribution networks is unsatisfactory. There are no water disinfection systems and this fact often leads to the emergence of infectious diseases. The main actions in order to optimize the system of providing the Orenburg region population by standard quality drinking water and in sufficient quantity are offered.