Drinking water contamination by heavy metals in different cities of Pakistan

Shabbir Hussain,Hina Ambreen,Muhammad Amjad,Iqra Batool

doi:10.14419/ijac.v9i1.31529

Shabbir Hussain, Hina Ambreen + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.14419/ijac.v9i1.31529

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Abstract

The most important concern in developing countries like Pakistan is the contamination of groundwater because of the heavy metals from industrial waste which are affecting the ecosystem and public health. Some heavy metals such as Arsenic (As), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn) are mostly reported in different cities of Pakistan and their concentrations are also to be found above the permissible levels of WHO. For domestic purposes and irrigation, groundwater is the main source in Pakistan. Its quality is getting poor because of the untreated discharge from industries. In the country, water-borne diseases are spreading quickly because of the use of unfiltered environmentally contaminated water as well as a lack of awareness of environmental laws.Â Â

Highlights

In Pakistan, resultant harmful outcomes have been recorded of industrial waste dumping in water bodies as well as on open land
Surface and groundwater contamination taken up by plants is caused by heavy metals and in the form of gases, it is released in the atmosphere and combined permanently with soil components in the form of organic matter and clay particles which affect human health after a particular time (Krishna & Govil, 2007)
Many precautionary measures should be taken to reduce industrial pollution so that it may be less harmful to the environment

Summary

Introduction

In Pakistan, resultant harmful outcomes have been recorded of industrial waste dumping in water bodies as well as on open land. Surface and groundwater contamination taken up by plants is caused by heavy metals and in the form of gases, it is released in the atmosphere and combined permanently with soil components in the form of organic matter and clay particles which affect human health after a particular time (Krishna & Govil, 2007). In these kinds of industries, the raw materials that have been used and engineering strategies are concerned, and industrial development has an inescapable effect on air, water and land-based pollution (Manahan, 2017). This study is very helpful to control the lethal diseases emerging from contaminated water which may affect the lives of Pakistani people

Health impacts due to heavy metals

Findings

Conclusion