Drilling the tibial tunnel in an arthroscopic popliteus bypass from the anteromedial tibial cortex decreases risk of popliteal vascular injury

Abstract

PurposeDrilling the tibial tunnel in tibiofibular-based posterolateral corner (PLC) reconstructions is usually performed with a starting point from Gerdy's tubercle. Drilling the tunnel starting from the anteromedial tibial cortex could reduce the risk of popliteal neurovascular (PNV) injury. The purpose of this study is to assess the distance on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scans (MRI) of the PNV bundle and peroneal nerve (PN) to these two different tunnel trajectories. MethodsA total of 87 MRI scans were assessed. The ideal exit point of the tibial tunnel in PLC reconstructions was marked. We added 10 mm from this point in a straight posterior and in an oblique trajectory, mimicking the two different tunnel trajectories and measured the distance to the PNV bundle and PN from these two points. ResultsThe mean distance of the tip of the guide wire drilled with a trajectory from Gerdy's tubercle to the PNV bundle and the peroneal nerve was respectively 13.2 mm (SD = 3.96) and 17.7 mm (SD = 4.39). The mean distance of the tip of the guide wire drilled with a trajectory from the anteromedial tibial cortex to the PNV bundle and the PN was respectively 19.6 mm (SD = 4.19) and 12.2 mm (SD = 3.96).). Drilling in a trajectory from the anteromedial tibial cortex significantly increases the distance to the PNV bundle (p < 0.001). ConclusionTibial tunnel drilling in a tibiofibular based PLC reconstruction from the anteromedial tibial cortex significantly increases the distance to the popliteal artery but with a decreased distance to the peroneal nerve. Level of evidencelevel IV.