Abstract
The drifts of electron orbits induced by the toroidal electric field in tokamaks are analyzed. Based on the relativistic Hamiltonian equations for guiding centre motion, the formula for the drift velocity vdr is derived. It describes the outward drift of passing particles as well as the inward drift (the Ware pinch) of trapped particles. Unlike the approximate formula for vdr given in Guan et al. [Phys. Plasmas 17, 092502 (2010)] for circular electron orbits, it describes qualitatively new features of the outward drift of electron orbits. Particularly, the new formula describes the evolution of the orbit's shape, the formation of X-point and the associated separatrix. It is shown that the outward drift velocity is proportional to the inverse aspect ratio of tokamaks.
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