Abstract

During mating flights, some honey bee queens are lost due to predation or because of mistakes they make when trying to find their way back to their nests. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the drifting of queen bees. Italian and Carniolan queens spaced in different hive, long hive, and mating nucleus layouts, were examined. There were significantly more queens drifting during flights in colonies spaced in rows without landmarks, than in those colonies arranged in rows near trees or bushes. The smallest percent of lost queens was found in colonies in which the hives were irregularly placed facing different directions and near landmarks in the vicinity. Losses of queens from parent colonies with high worker activity at the entrances and very weak nuclei with a low activity of bees did not differ significantly. Parent and nucleus colonies were located in the same long hives with entrances in the same direction. In this study, the effect of colony strength (more than 30,000 or about 1000 bees) on loss of queens during mating flights was not shown. No significant differences were found between the drifting of Italian and Carniolan queen bees. I found that queens returning from flights can be accepted and start oviposition in foreign colonies; probably, the acceptance happens when the foreign colony had lost its own queen.Deriva de las reinas de abejas melíferas que regresan de los vuelosDurante los vuelos de apareamiento, algunas reinas de las abejas de la miel se pierden debido a la depredación o a errores que cometen al tratar de encontrar el camino de regreso a sus nidos. El propósito de este estudio fue investigar los factores que afectan la deriva de las abejas reinas. Se examinaron reinas italianas y carniolas situadas en colmenas con diferentes diseños, colmena larga y núcleos de apareamiento. Hubo significativamente más reinas a la deriva durante los vuelos en colonias colocadas en filas sin puntos de referencia, que en aquellas colonias dispuestas en filas cerca de árboles o arbustos. El porcentaje más pequeño de reinas perdidas se encontró en colonias en las que las colmenas estaban colocadas de forma irregular, orientadas en diferentes direcciones y cerca de puntos de referencia en las cercanías. Las pérdidas de reinas de colonias parentales con alta actividad obrera en las entradas y núcleos muy débiles con baja actividad de abejas no difirieron significativamente. Las colonias de padres y núcleos se ubicaron en las mismas colmenas largas con entradas en la misma dirección. En mi estudio, el efecto de la fuerza de la colonia (más de 30,000 o cerca de 1,000 abejas) sobre la pérdida de reinas durante los vuelos de apareamiento no se concretó. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre la deriva de las abejas reina italianas y carniolas. Expongo que las reinas que regresan de los vuelos pueden ser aceptadas e iniciar la oviposición en colonias foráneas. Probablemente, la aceptación ocurre cuando la colonia foránea ha perdido a su propia reina.

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